Magistrates of the Parlements essays

Magistrates of the Parlements essays The Magistrates of the Parlements - Truly Noble? Reading the remonstrances of the Parlements between the years 1775 and 1788, one is struck by the zeal and enthusiasm with which the magistrates, public servants drawn from the nobility, fought for the rights of Frances poor. Claiming to desire to plead the cause of the people before Your Majestys tribunal (52), they provided a voice to the King for members of French society who could not speak for themselves. There are indications, however, that their intentions were not completely altruistic. Were they really sincere in their desire to aid the lower classes, or were these nobles leading a fight which they felt would retain their popularity and build their support amongst the masses? For although they are seen to have fought for equality in the form of just tax collection procedures, fair legislative representation, and honest beaurocrats (see the Remonstrance of the Cour des aides, May 6, 1775), they also fought vociferously to retain Frances traditional tax structure, in which the First and Second Estates were exempt from paying land tax. When Calonne, and then Brienne, tried to relieve Frances financial burdens by instituting a universal land tax, a move which would have invariably eased the financial burdens of the Third Estate, the magistrates of the Parlements fought with the same zeal exhibited previously on behalf of the people to fight against this legislation (see remonstra nces from March 1776 - May 1788). Was their support for the poorer classes sincere, albeit with their personal interests given priority, or had they never truly cared about the rights of the Third Estate from the beginning? An analysis of the arguments presented by the magistrates in support of the poorer classes will offer insight into their mindset at the time the arguments were made. On May 6, 1775, the Cour des aides of the Parlement of Paris issued a ...

Ernest Hemingway Bibliography of Major Works

Ernest Hemingway Bibliography of Major Works Ernest Hemingway is a classic author whose books helped define a generation. His to the point writing style and life of adventure made him a literary and cultural icon. His list of works includes novels, short stories, and non-fiction. During World  War I signed up to drive ambulances on the front line in Italy. He was wounded by mortar fire but received the Italian Silver Medal of Bravery for helping Italian soldiers to safety despite his injuries. His experiences during the war heavily influenced  much of his fiction and non-fiction writing. Heres a list of the major works of Ernest Hemingway. List of Ernest Hemingway Works Novels/Novella The Torrents of Spring (1925)The Sun Also Rises (1926)A Farewell to Arms (1929)To Have and Have Not(1937)For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940)Across the River and Into the Trees (1950)The Old Man and the Sea (1952)Adventures of a Young Man (1962)Islands in the Stream (1970)The Garden of Eden (1986) Nonfiction Death in the Afternoon (1932)Green Hills of Africa (1935)The Dangerous Summer (1960)A Moveable Feast (1964) Short Story Collections Three Stories and Ten Poems (1923)In Our Time (1925)Men Without Women (1927)The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1932)Winner Take Nothing (1933)The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories (1938)The Essential Hemingway (1947)The Hemingway Reader (1953)The Nick Adams Stories (1972) The Lost Generation While Gertrude Stein coined the term Hemingway is credited with popularizing the term by including it in his novel  The Sun Also Rises. Stein was his mentor and close friend and he did credit her for the term. It was applied to the generation that came of age during the Great War. The term lost does not refer to a physical state of being but a metaphorical one. Those who survived the war seemed to lack a feeling of purpose or meaning after the battle had ended. Novelists like Hemmingway and F. Scott Fitsgerald, a close friend, wrote about the ennui their generation seemed to collectively suffer from. Sadly, at the age of 61, Hemmingway used a shotgun to take his own life. He was one of the most influential writers in American literature.